1) Tuberculosis : -
- Staff are Mantoux tested and have chest X ray at start of hospital employment .
- Mantoux negative BCG immunization and be sure to convert mantoux negative to positive .
- Mantoux positive Deals with patients with open T.B or samples known to have T.B. bacilli .
- Isolate patient with open T.B in single room until 2-3 weeks after antituberculous therapy .
- Each sputum sample should be handled as if it had T.B and never be opened in the ward .
- In the lab See precautions of handling sputum samples .
2) Viral Hepatitis : -
- Exclude staff with HBsAg positive from renal dialysis units or from carrying exposure – prone procedures
- Precautions should be taken in the lab. To prevent infections to workers .
- All staff with regular contact with blood should have anti HBS with titre > (10 lu/L)
Precautions to prevent viral hepatitis : -
- Isolate the patients (stool / urine / needle isolation)
- Take blood samples with gloves
- Transport to the lab in sealed plastic bags.
- Samples are put in upright position in non leaking screw caps containers
- Samples and requests should be labeled ashepatitis risk .
- Take care of samples from suspected patients .
- Accidental prick to staff should be reported to senior staff , take hyper immune globulin with 24-48 hours and vaccinate if HBS antibodies is negative .
- Wearing of two gloves , waterproof apron and goggles together with many other precautions are necessary when surgery is carried out on patients with hepatitis B. (universal precautions) .
- Staff members positive for HBsAg or e antigen should not work in dialysis unit , oncology , surgery or transplant unit .
3)AIDS :-
- Blood and blood products should be screened for HIV 1/2.
- Universal precautions against blood – borne viruses should be taken when blood or blood staining splashing are anticipated as risk .
- Post exposure drug prophylaxis is recommended for staff sustaining a sharp injury from a patient or HIV .
Policies for Control of Hospital –acquired Infections
Each hospital has many procedures and policies which attempt to reduce the chances of hospital infection occurring , but the extent to which these policies are effectively carried out on a day to a day basis varies greatly between different hospitals or different areas in the hospital .
Procedures for control Include : -
- Sterilization and disinfection of contaminated items .
- Disposal of infected rubbish or linen .
- Aseptic techniques in the operating theatre
- Procedures carried in wards such as changing of wound dressings , urinary catheterization and setting up of an intravenousdrip .
- Protective isolation of infected patients or protective isolation of highly susceptible patients .
- Use of antibiotics therapy according to a greed policy .
- Education of hospital staff in hospital hygiene .
- Good staff health facilities .
- Adequate use of the clinical microbiology for the precise bacteriological diagnosis .
- Control infection committee which helps to design hospital policies and discusses any difficulties encountered during the implementation of these policies .
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- Staff are Mantoux tested and have chest X ray at start of hospital employment .
- Mantoux negative BCG immunization and be sure to convert mantoux negative to positive .
- Mantoux positive Deals with patients with open T.B or samples known to have T.B. bacilli .
- Isolate patient with open T.B in single room until 2-3 weeks after antituberculous therapy .
- Each sputum sample should be handled as if it had T.B and never be opened in the ward .
- In the lab See precautions of handling sputum samples .
2) Viral Hepatitis : -
- Exclude staff with HBsAg positive from renal dialysis units or from carrying exposure – prone procedures
- Precautions should be taken in the lab. To prevent infections to workers .
- All staff with regular contact with blood should have anti HBS with titre > (10 lu/L)
Precautions to prevent viral hepatitis : -
- Isolate the patients (stool / urine / needle isolation)
- Take blood samples with gloves
- Transport to the lab in sealed plastic bags.
- Samples are put in upright position in non leaking screw caps containers
- Samples and requests should be labeled ashepatitis risk .
- Take care of samples from suspected patients .
- Accidental prick to staff should be reported to senior staff , take hyper immune globulin with 24-48 hours and vaccinate if HBS antibodies is negative .
- Wearing of two gloves , waterproof apron and goggles together with many other precautions are necessary when surgery is carried out on patients with hepatitis B. (universal precautions) .
- Staff members positive for HBsAg or e antigen should not work in dialysis unit , oncology , surgery or transplant unit .
3)AIDS :-
- Blood and blood products should be screened for HIV 1/2.
- Universal precautions against blood – borne viruses should be taken when blood or blood staining splashing are anticipated as risk .
- Post exposure drug prophylaxis is recommended for staff sustaining a sharp injury from a patient or HIV .
Policies for Control of Hospital –acquired Infections
Each hospital has many procedures and policies which attempt to reduce the chances of hospital infection occurring , but the extent to which these policies are effectively carried out on a day to a day basis varies greatly between different hospitals or different areas in the hospital .
Procedures for control Include : -
- Sterilization and disinfection of contaminated items .
- Disposal of infected rubbish or linen .
- Aseptic techniques in the operating theatre
- Procedures carried in wards such as changing of wound dressings , urinary catheterization and setting up of an intravenousdrip .
- Protective isolation of infected patients or protective isolation of highly susceptible patients .
- Use of antibiotics therapy according to a greed policy .
- Education of hospital staff in hospital hygiene .
- Good staff health facilities .
- Adequate use of the clinical microbiology for the precise bacteriological diagnosis .
- Control infection committee which helps to design hospital policies and discusses any difficulties encountered during the implementation of these policies .
You nee more on clinical microbiology
follow http://www.amazon.com/Lectures-applied-clinical-microbiology-ebook/dp/B004Y0XF54
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