Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection. VAP prevalence varies from 8 to 28 cases per 100 patients depending on population studied, type of ICU and diagnostic criteria used (Meyer et al., 2009).
Patients who experience delayed initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy for suspicion of VAP and those who receive empirical antibiotic treatment but are subsequently found to be infected with an antibiotic-resistant organism have a higher mortality than patients who receive timely appropriate initial antibiotics (Iregui et al., 2002).
Bacteria most frequently isolated from hospital acquired pneumonia are: Pseudomonas species (41%), Klebsiella species (12.7%) and Escherichia coli (12%) (Pugh et al., 2010).
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